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Fluoroscopy-guided catheter procedure

Genicular Artery Embolisation

Genicular artery embolisation (GAE) is a minimally invasive, catheter-based procedure that targets the abnormal blood vessels contributing to chronic knee pain in osteoarthritis. Performed by an interventional radiologist under local anaesthetic, GAE offers a non-surgical option for patients who want to reduce pain and improve function without joint replacement. The procedure is a day case with no incisions and a rapid return to daily activity.

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Prof Paul LeeReviewed byProf Paul LeeLast reviewed 1 May 2026
Specialist performing image-guided procedure

How genicular artery embolisation works

In an osteoarthritic knee, abnormal new blood vessels (neovascularisation) develop in the joint lining and surrounding tissues. These vessels carry sensory nerve fibres that amplify pain signals. GAE selectively blocks these vessels to reduce inflammation at its source.

  • A thin catheter is guided through an artery to reach the vessels around the knee.
  • Microscopic particles are released to block the abnormal blood supply.
  • The procedure is monitored with live fluoroscopic imaging throughout.

GAE targets the inflammation driving your knee pain rather than masking symptoms. It does not damage cartilage, bone, or healthy tissue, and it preserves all future treatment options including joint replacement.

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What to expect from the procedure

GAE is performed as a day case. The procedure typically takes around one hour and requires only a small puncture site rather than a surgical incision.

  • Local anaesthetic with optional light sedation for comfort.
  • No stitches, no crutches, and no overnight hospital stay.
  • Most patients return to routine activities within days.

Pain improvement typically builds over weeks as the inflammatory response settles. GAE can be combined with other treatments such as physiotherapy or injections as part of a broader management plan.

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Specialist reviewing knee imaging on screen

You may have more options than you think

Most patients have more treatment options than they have been told

At London Cartilage Clinic we follow a structured clinical framework across four areas of treatment. Before recommending a single procedure, we assess which combination of approaches gives you the best outcome.

Preserve

Protect what you have. Slow degeneration and manage symptoms.

Repair

Fix specific damage. Torn tissue, unstable joints, structural problems.

Regenerate

Rebuild lost tissue. Biological treatments that stimulate new growth.

Replace

When other options are exhausted. Joint replacement as a last resort.

Explore the full range of treatments available for your joint. Each hub page shows every option we offer, organised by clinical approach.

Explore Knee Options
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Frequently Asked Questions

How does genicular artery embolisation reduce knee pain?

In osteoarthritis, new abnormal blood vessels grow around the knee joint and carry nerve fibres that signal pain. GAE blocks these tiny vessels using microscopic particles delivered through a catheter. By reducing the abnormal blood supply, the procedure decreases inflammation and the associated pain signals.

Is GAE performed under general anaesthetic?

No. The procedure is carried out under local anaesthetic with mild sedation if needed. A small puncture is made in the wrist or groin to access the arterial system, and the entire procedure is guided by real-time imaging. Most patients go home the same day.

Who is a good candidate for genicular artery embolisation?

GAE is typically suited to patients with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis who experience persistent pain despite conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medication, and injections, but who wish to avoid or delay knee replacement surgery.

What is the recovery time after GAE?

Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days. There may be mild bruising or discomfort at the catheter access site. Pain relief from the procedure typically develops over the following weeks as inflammation subsides.

How long do the results of GAE last?

Published studies show that many patients experience significant pain reduction lasting 12 months or longer. The procedure can be repeated if needed, and it does not affect eligibility for future knee replacement should that become necessary.

Still have more specific concerns?

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